Reefvive is a modular coral restoration system that transforms waste coral gravel and oyster shells into a cement-free substrate designed to support coral restoration. Recognised in the 2026 James Dyson Award programme, Reefvive combines circular material innovation to respond to the mounting pressure from rising ocean temperatures, bleaching and human activity affecting the coral reefs. Developed by Yin-Rui Liao of National Taiwan Normal University, the process begins by converting locally sourced marine waste into a durable composite suitable for 3D printing. The printed structures are inspired by the organic structures of brain coral. Reefvive’s textured bases provide multiple attachment points for coral fragments. Three large openings allow individual units to stack vertically, creating more complex, three-dimensional habitats. Folded side ridges improve underwater stability, while three supporting legs help anchor each base to sandy seabeds. Its modular design also allows units to connect without additional clips or fasteners, simplifying deployment and enabling adaptable reef configurations.
Unlike conventional concrete-based restoration structures, Reefvive repurposes discarded materials while creating spaces that can accommodate both coral growth and other marine life. The concept has been tested in real world conditions, in collaboration with National Taiwan Ocean University, the team has conducted underwater field testing, successfully planting 28 corals. According to the project team, the trial recorded a 100% coral survival rate, while algae, fish, hermit crabs and octopuses had begun inhabiting the structures. Its next phase aims to expand testing across multiple sites and refine the system for larger-scale production, offering a tangible solution to promoting coral growth.
